# Citation

If you use this tool please cite our [paper](https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/11298182):

```bibtex
@ARTICLE{11298182,
  author={Chou, Shih-Kai and Hribar, Jernej and Hanžel, Vid and Mohorčič, Mihael and Fortuna, Carolina},
  journal={IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications},
  title={The Energy Cost of Artificial Intelligence Lifecycle in Communication Networks},
  year={2026},
  volume={44},
  number={},
  pages={2427-2443},
  keywords={Artificial intelligence;Measurement;Costs;Energy consumption;Carbon dioxide;Training;Standards;Data centers;Open systems;Energy efficiency;AI model lifecycle;energy consumption;carbon footprint;metric;methodology},
  doi={10.1109/JSAC.2025.3642835}}
```

## Related work

```bibtex
@INPROCEEDINGS{11349371,
  author={Chou, Shih-Kai and Hribar, Jernej and Bertalanič, Blaž and Mohorčič, Mihael and Lagkas, Thomas and Sarigiannidis, Panagiotis and Fortuna, Carolina},
  booktitle={2025 IEEE Conference on Network Function Virtualization and Software-Defined Networking (NFV-SDN)},
  title={Energy Cost of the AI/ML Workflow in O-RAN},
  year={2025},
  volume={},
  number={},
  pages={1-6},
  keywords={Training;Measurement;Adaptation models;Costs;Open RAN;Hardware;Energy efficiency;Complexity theory;Artificial intelligence;Optimization;sustainable 6G networks;O-RAN;AI/ML Workflow;eCAL;lifecycle;energy;Carbon Footprint},
  doi={10.1109/NFV-SDN66355.2025.11349371}}
```

```bibtex
@INPROCEEDINGS{10849732,
  author={Chou, Shih-Kai and Hribar, Jernej and Mohorčič, Mihael and Fortuna, Carolina},
  booktitle={2024 IEEE Conference on Standards for Communications and Networking (CSCN)},
  title={Towards the Standardization of Energy Efficiency Metrics of the AI Lifecycle in 6G and Beyond},
  year={2024},
  volume={},
  number={},
  pages={187-190},
  keywords={Measurement;6G mobile communication;Energy consumption;Costs;Energy measurement;Energy efficiency;Computational efficiency;Quality of experience;Artificial intelligence;Standards;6G;AI-native network;energy efficiency},
  doi={10.1109/CSCN63874.2024.10849732}}
```